Unique Advantages of Dendrimers-Structured Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles over Traditional Hollow ones in Delivering Bcl2-Functional Converting Peptide for Multidrug Resistant Cancer Treatment.

Innovative silica nanomaterials have made the significant advancements in curative therapy against cancers with multidrug resistance (MDR). The study on different-nanostructured mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) with discrepant pore sizes affecting biomacromolecules in resisting cancer MDR hasn't been reported yet. In this study, a systematic comparison of 6 nm-pore sized hollow-structured MSNs (HMSNs) and 10 nm-pore sized dendrimers-structured MSNs (LMSNs) for delivering Bcl-2-functional converting peptide (N9) or doxorubicin (DOX) to overcome cancer MDR was comprehensively carried out both in in vitro and in vivo resistant tumor models. Our results showed that both LMSNs and HMSNs exerted no significant difference in delivering DOX to treat drug-resistant cancers. However, compared with N9@HMSNs, N9@LMSNs displayed the increased loading efficiency, the improved cell-penetrative capability, the higher cancer cell apoptosis effect, the enhanced tumor accumulation and retention efficiency, and the final elevated tumor inhibition efficiency. Unexpectedly, naked LMSNs without surface modification especially at high dosage produced relatively more serious toxicity than HMSNs whatever in cells, zebrafish embryo or mice models. Collectively, our data provided the sufficient theoretical evidence that LMSNs might be a better choice for delivering biomacromolecules to treat resistant cancers after appropriate surface functionalization such as with PEGylation to weaken its intrinsic toxicity. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Fine Optimization of Colloidal Photonic Crystal Structural Color for Physically Unclonable Multiplex Encryption and Anti-Counterfeiting.

Robust anti-counterfeiting techniques aim for easy identification while remaining difficult to forge, especially for high-value items such as currency and passports. However, many existing anti-counterfeiting techniques rely on deterministic processes, resulting in loopholes for duplication and counterfeiting. Therefore, achieving high-level encryption and easy authentication through conventional anti-counterfeiting techniques has remained a significant challenge. To address this, this work proposes a solution that combined fluorescence and structural colors, creating a physically unclonable multiplex encryption system (PUMES). In this study, the physicochemical properties of colloidal photonic inks are systematically adjusted to construct a comprehensive printing phase diagram, revealing the printable region. Furthermore, the brightness and color saturation of inkjet-printed colloidal photonic crystal structural colors are optimized by controlling the substrate's hydrophobicity, printed droplet volume, and the addition of noble metals. Finally, fluorescence is incorporated to build PUMES, including macroscopic fluorescence and structural color patterns, as well as microscopic physically unclonable fluorescence patterns. The PUMES with intrinsic randomness and high encoding capacity are authenticated by a deep learning algorithm, which proved to be reliable and efficient under various observation conditions. This approach can provide easy identification and formidable resistance against counterfeiting, making it highly promising for the next-generation anti-counterfeiting of currency and passports.

Online Detection of Laser Welding Penetration Depth Based on Multi-Sensor Features.

The accurate online detection of laser welding penetration depth has been a critical problem to which the industry has paid the most attention. Aiming at the laser welding process of TC4 titanium alloy, a multi-sensor monitoring system that obtained the keyhole/molten pool images and laser-induced plasma spectrum was built. The influences of laser power on the keyhole/molten pool morphologies and plasma thermo-mechanical characteristics were investigated. The results showed that there were significant correlations among the variations of the keyhole-molten pool, plasma spectrum, and penetration depth. The image features and spectral features were extracted by image processing and dimension-reduction methods, respectively. Moreover, several penetration depth prediction models based on single-sensor features and multi-sensor features were established. The mean square error of the neural network model built by multi-sensor features was 0.0162, which was smaller than that of the model built by single-sensor features. The established high-precision model provided a theoretical basis for real-time feedback control of the penetration depth in the laser welding process.

Bioinformatics and Functional Analysis of OsASMT1 Gene in Response to Abiotic Stress.

The study aimed to elucidate the functional characteristics of OsASMT1 gene under copper (Cu) or sodium chloride (NaCl) stress. Bioinformatics scrutiny unveiled that OsASMT1 is situated on chromosome 9. Its protein architecture, comprising dimerization and methyltransferase domains, showed significant similarities to OsASMT2 and OsASMT3. High expression in roots and panicles, along with abiotic stress putative cis-regulatory elements in the promoter, indicated potential stress responsiveness. Real-time quantitative PCR confirmed OsASMT1 induction under Cu and NaCl stress in rice. Surprisingly, yeast expressing OsASMT1 did not exhibit enhanced resistance to abiotic stresses. The results of subcellular localization analysis indicated that OsASMT1 plays a role in the cytoplasm. While OsASMT1 responded to Cu and NaCl stress in rice, its heterologous expression in yeast failed to confer abiotic stress resistance, highlighting the need for further investigation of its functional implications.

Multiomics integration for the function of bacterial outer membrane vesicles in the larval settlement of marine sponges.

Bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) contain a variety of chemical compounds and play significant roles in maintaining symbiotic relationships in a changing ocean, but little is known about their function, particularly in sponge larval development. During the growth of sponge Tedania sp., OMVs from Bacteroidetes species significantly promoted larval settlement, and Tenacibaculum mesophilum SP-7-OMVs were selected as a representative strain for further investigation. According to OMVs metabolomics, larval settlement might be connected to organic acids and derivatives. The multiomics analysis of the T. mesophilum genome, SP-7-OMVs metabolome, and larval transcriptome revealed 47 shared KEGG pathways. Among the number of candidate metabolites, arginine was chosen for its greater ability to increase the settlement rate and its role as the principal substrate for nitric oxide (NO) synthesis of sponge larvae. In summary, these results demonstrated that sponge-associated bacteria might utilize OMVs and their cargo to support host development and make up for host metabolic pathway deficiencies. This study enhances our fundamental knowledge of OMVs in interactions between metazoan hosts and microorganisms that are crucial in the coevolution of marine ecosystems and the complex marine environment.

Study on the Relationship between Particulate Methane Monooxygenase and Methanobactin on Gold-Nanoparticles-Modified Electrodes.

(1) Background: Particulate methane monooxygenase (pMMO) has a strong dependence on the natural electron transfer path and is prone to denaturation, which results in its redox activity centers being unable to transfer electrons with bare electrodes directly and making it challenging to observe an electrochemical response; (2) Methods: Using methanobactin (Mb) as the electron transporter between gold electrodes and pMMO, a bionic interface with high biocompatibility and stability was created. The Mb-AuNPs-modified functionalized gold net electrode as a working electrode, the kinetic behaviors of pMMO bioelectrocatalysis, and the effect of Mb on pMMO were analyzed. The CV tests were performed at different scanning rates to obtain electrochemical kinetics parameters. (3) Results: The values of the electron transfer coefficient (α) and electron transfer rate constant (ks) are relatively large in test environments containing only CH4 or O2. In contrast, in the test environment containing both CH4 and O2, the bioelectrocatalysis of pMMO is a two-electron transfer process with a relatively small α and ks; (4) Conclusions: It was inferred that Mb formed the complex with pMMO. More importantly, Mb not only played a role in electron transfer but also in stabilizing the enzyme structure of pMMO and maintaining a specific redox state. Furthermore, the continuous catalytic oxidation of natural substrate methane was realized.

Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity Evaluation of Pyridine Derivatives Containing Imidazo[2,1-b][1,3,4]Thiadiazole Moiety.

Four series of novel pyridine derivatives (17 a-i, 18 a-i, 19 a-e, and 20 a-e) were synthesized and their antimicrobial activities were evaluated. Of all the target compounds, almost half target compounds showed moderate or high antibacterial activity. The 4-F substituted compound 17 d (MIC=0.5 µg/mL) showed the highest antibacterial activity, its activity was twice the positive control compound gatifloxacin (MIC=1.0 µg/mL). For fungus ATCC 9763, the activities of compounds 17 a and 17 d are equivalent to the positive control compound fluconazole (MIC=8 µg/mL). Furthermore, compounds 17 a and 17 d showed little cytotoxicity to human LO2 cells, and did not show hemolysis even at ultra-high concentration (200 µM). The results indicate that these compounds are valuable for further development as antibacterial and antifungal agents.

A Study of Electroplated Nanoporous Copper Using Aberration-Corrected Transmission Electron Microscopy.

Nanoporous Cu foam is widely applied in many fields such as the packaging of electronic power devices. In this study, a sandwich-structured Cu-Zn eutectic alloy precursor composed of Cu0.53Zn0.47/Cu5Zn8/Cu0.53Zn0.47 is prepared through electroplating. The surface layer of the precursor, Cu0.53Zn0.47, has a flat surface with numerous grain boundaries, which effectively promotes its dealloying behavior. By contrast, Cu5Zn8 has a porous structure, which promotes the dealloying behavior at the center of the precursor. The dealloying of Cu0.53Zn0.47 is dominated by the coherent surface diffusion of Cu atoms, and the crystal lattice and orientation show no changes before and after dealloying. By contrast, the dealloying behavior of Cu5Zn8 requires the renucleation of Cu crystals; in this process, Cu atoms are transported to the surface of the layer by capillary forces to form clusters, which nucleate and grow.

Computer-Vision-Based Sensing Technologies for Livestock Body Dimension Measurement: A Survey.

Livestock's live body dimensions are a pivotal indicator of economic output. Manual measurement is labor-intensive and time-consuming, often eliciting stress responses in the livestock. With the advancement of computer technology, the techniques for livestock live body dimension measurement have progressed rapidly, yielding significant research achievements. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the recent advancements in livestock live body dimension measurement, emphasizing the crucial role of computer-vision-based sensors. The discussion covers three main aspects: sensing data acquisition, sensing data processing, and sensing data analysis. The common techniques and measurement procedures in, and the current research status of, live body dimension measurement are introduced, along with a comparative analysis of their respective merits and drawbacks. Livestock data acquisition is the initial phase of live body dimension measurement, where sensors are employed as data collection equipment to obtain information conducive to precise measurements. Subsequently, the acquired data undergo processing, leveraging techniques such as 3D vision technology, computer graphics, image processing, and deep learning to calculate the measurements accurately. Lastly, this paper addresses the existing challenges within the domain of livestock live body dimension measurement in the livestock industry, highlighting the potential contributions of computer-vision-based sensors. Moreover, it predicts the potential development trends in the realm of high-throughput live body dimension measurement techniques for livestock.

Compounds from Agathis dammara exert hypoglycaemic activity by enhancing glucose uptake: lignans, terpenes and others.

In this study, two new kaurane diterpenes (16, 17), together with 12 lignans (1-12), a triterpene (15), and two other compounds (13, 14) were isolated from the woods of Agathis dammara. The structure of the new compound was determined by HR ESIMS and 1D/2D NMR spectroscopy, and its absolute configuration was determined by electronic circular dichroism (ECD) exciton chirality method. Compounds 5, 11, 14 exhibit significant hypoglycaemic activity in zebrafish, and their mechanism of action is to enhance glucose uptake in zebrafish.

[Intervention effect of narrative therapy on non-suicidal self-injury in adolescents with depressive disorder: a prospective randomized controlled study]. / å™äº‹æ²»ç–—å¯¹é’å°‘å¹´æŠ‘éƒç—‡æ‚£è€ éžè‡ªæ€æ€§è‡ªä¼¤çš„å¹²é¢„æ•ˆæžœï¼šä¸€é¡¹å‰çž»æ€§éšæœºå¯¹ç §ç ”ç©¶.

OBJECTIVES: To study the intervention effect of narrative therapy on non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI), as well as anxiety and depression symptoms in adolescents with depressive disorder. METHODS: Sixty adolescents with depressive disorder and NSSI were randomly assigned to either the intervention group or the control group using coin flipping. The control group received conventional psychological support, while the intervention group received individual narrative therapy in addition to the conventional psychological support (twice a week, 60 minutes per session, for a total of 3 weeks). Assessment of treatment efficacy was conducted using the Adolescent Self-Harm Questionnaire, Children's Depression Inventory, and Children's Anxiety and Mood Scale before the intervention, at the end of the intervention, and one month after the intervention for both groups. RESULTS: A total of 26 adolescents in the intervention group and 29 adolescents in the control group completed the entire study. At the end of the intervention and one month after the intervention, the intervention group showed a significant reduction in the NSSI frequency score, NSSI level, anxiety score, and depression score compared to before the intervention (P<0.017). Moreover, at the end of the intervention and one month after the intervention, the intervention group exhibited significantly lower NSSI frequency score, NSSI severity score, NSSI level, anxiety score and depression score compared to the control group (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Narrative therapy is effective in reducing NSSI frequency and alleviating NSSI severity, as well as anxiety and depression symptoms in adolescents with depressive disorder.

Simultaneous determination of advanced glycation end products and heterocyclic amines in roast/grilled meat by UPLC-MS/MS.

Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and heterocyclic amines (HAs) are main harmful Maillard reaction products of meat products. Simultaneous quantification of both with high sensitivity, selectivity and accuracy remains a major challenge due to inconsistencies in their pre-treatment and instrumental methods and the different polarity of AGEs and HAs. We developed a method for the simultaneous determination of AGEs and HAs in roast/grilled meat by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) using dynamic multiple reaction monitoring (D-MRM). The instrument parameters and pre-treatment method were optimized to achieve reasonably good separation and high response for the 11 target analytes within 8 min. From 10 to 200 ng/mL, the limits of detection (LODs) and limits of quantitation (LOQs) ranged from 0.3 to 5.5 µg/L and 0.9 to 6.3 µg/L, respectively, and the correlation coefficient (R2) was >0.99. It was acceptable to recoveries, standard deviations (RSDs), and matrix effects. Six types of roast/grilled meat samples were then tested using the developed method.

Modulating electron density enable efficient cascade conversion from peroxymonosulfate to superoxide radical driven by electron-rich/poor dual sites.

The superoxide radical (•O2-)-mediated peroxymonosulfate (PMS)-based photo-Fenton-like reaction enables highly selective water decontamination. Nevertheless, the targeted construction of •O2--mediated photo-Fenton-like system has been challenging. Herein, we developed an electron-rich/-poor dual sites driven •O2--mediated cascade photo-Fenton-like system by modulating electron density. Experimental and theoretical results demonstrated that PMS was preferentially adsorbed on electron-poor Co site. This adsorption promoted O-O bond cleavage of PMS to generate hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), which then migrated to electron-rich O site to extract eg electrons for O-H bond cleavage, rather than competing with PMS for Co site. The developed versatile cascade reaction system could selectively eliminate contaminants with low n-octanol/water partition constants (KOW) and dissociation constants (pKa) and remarkably resist inorganics (Cl-, H2PO4- and NO3-), humic acid (HA) and even real water matrices (tap water and secondary effluent). This finding provided a novel and plausible strategy to accurately and efficiently generate •O2- for the selective water decontamination.

APIP regulated by YAP propels methionine cycle and metastasis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

The Yes-associated protein (YAP) plays a vital role in tumor progression and metabolic regulation. However, the involvement of YAP in metabolic reprogramming of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma remains unclear. Using RNA sequencing and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, we observed that YAP increased the levels of the main metabolites and enzymes involved in methionine metabolism. APIP, an enzyme involved in the methionine salvage pathway, was transcriptionally activated by YAP. Further experiments showed that APIP promotes HNSCC cells migration and invasion in vitro and tumor metastasis in adjacent lymph nodes and distant organs in vivo. APIP also increases the levels of metabolites in the methionine cycle. We further found that methionine reversed the inhibition of HNSCC migration and invasion by APIP knockdown. In vivo experiments demonstrated that methionine addition promoted tumor metastasis. Mechanistically, the methionine cycle phosphorylated and inactivated GSK3ß, then induced the epithelial mesenchymal transition pathway. Increased APIP expression was detected in patients with HNSCC, especially in tumors with lymph node metastasis. Metabolites of methionine cycle were also elevated in HNSCC patients. Our findings revealed that APIP, a novel target of YAP, promotes the methionine cycle and HNSCC metastasis through GSK3ß phosphorylation.

Electrocatalysis coupled heterogeneous electro-Fenton like treatment of coal gasification wastewater using tourmaline as catalyst: process parameters and response surface.

Coal gasification technology is essential for realizing clean and efficient conversion of coal, as well as for reducing carbon emissions. However, coal gasification technology is accompanied by a large amount of coal gasification wastewater that is biodegradable. In this work, tourmaline was applied as a catalyst in electro-Fenton like process for treating coal gasification wastewater. The optimal applied parameters of coal gasification wastewater were investigated as follows: current density of 90 mA cm-2, tourmaline dosage of 8 g L-1, electrode gap of 1 cm, and temperature at 25 °C; the COD removal ratio reached 91.24% after 240-min treatment. In addition, the current density and tourmaline dosage were further optimized by response surface method. The result was about current density with 82.4 mA cm-2 and catalyst with 7.57 g L-1; the predicted COD removal efficiency was 86.91%. Under the optimal parameters the actual COD removal efficiency was 88.25% a little high than the predicted value. To explore the reusability of tourmaline as Fenton reaction catalyst, five cycles of experiments were carried out. The result demonstrated that tourmaline could be used as catalyst for treating coal gasification wastewater by electro-Fenton like process.

High-Level Expression and Biochemical Characterization of a Maltotetraose Amylase in Pichia pastoris X-33 for Maltotetraose Production.

Maltotetraose amylase, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of amylaceous polysaccharides into maltooligosaccharides with maltotetraose as the main product, is extensively used in the food industry. However, the lack of efficient expression system for maltotetraose amylase has hampered its production and application. In this study, high-level production of a maltotetraose amylase mutant (referred to as Pp-Mta∆CBM) from Pseudomonas saccharophila was achieved in Pichia pastoris X-33. First, the gene of maltotetraose amylase with the carbohydrate-binding module (CBM) removed was codon-optimized and cloned into the pPICZαA vector, followed by transformation into P. pastoris X-33 for expression. Using the promoter PAOX1 and signal peptide α-factor, high-level production of Pp-Mta∆CBM with minimal extracellular impurity proteins was achieved, resulting in an extracellular activity of 367.9 U/mL after 7 days of cultivation in shake flasks. Next, the expressed Pp-Mta∆CBM was purified and characterized. This recombinant enzyme was glycosylated and has maximum activity at 55 ℃ and pH 7.0. Its Km for soluble starch was 4.1 g/L, and its kcat was 3237.6 s-1. Finally, the Pp-Mta∆CBM was found to produce a maximum maltotetraose yield of 57.1% in the presence of 200 g/L of substrate. The findings presented in this study demonstrate the efficient production of Pp-Mta∆CBM in P. pastoris, providing a new expression system for maltotetraose amylase and laying the foundation for its scale-up production and industrial application.

Deciphering the comprehensive knowledgebase landscape featuring infertility with IDDB Xtra.

Infertility affects ∼15% of couples globally and half of cases are related to genetic disorders. Despite growing data and unprecedented improvements in high-throughput sequencing technologies, accumulated fertility-related issues concerning genetic diagnosis and potential treatment are urgent to be solved. However, there is a lack of comprehensive platforms that characterise various infertility-related records to provide research applications for exploring infertility in-depth and genetic counselling of infertility couple. To solve this problem, we provide IDDB Xtra by further integrating phenotypic manifestations, genomic datasets, epigenetics, modulators in collaboration with numerous interactive tools into our previous infertility database, IDDB. IDDB Xtra houses manually-curated 2369 genes of human and nine model organisms, 273 chromosomal abnormalities, 884 phenotypes, 60 genomic datasets, 464 epigenetic records, 1144 modulators relevant to infertility diagnosis and treatment. Additionally, IDDB Xtra incorporated customized graphical applications for researchers and clinicians to decipher in-depth disease mechanisms from the perspectives of developmental atlas, mutation effects, and clinical manifestations. Users can browse genes across developmental stages of human and mouse, filter candidate genes, mine potential variants and retrieve infertility biomedical network in an intuitive web interface. In summary, IDDB Xtra not only captures valuable research and data, but also provides useful applications to facilitate the genetic counselling and drug discovery of infertility. IDDB Xtra is freely available at https://mdl.shsmu.edu.cn/IDDB/and http://www.allostery.net/IDDB.

Functional analysis of a rice 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid reductase gene (OsOPR1) involved in Cd stress tolerance.

BACKGROUND: The accumulation of cadmium (Cd) in plants may compromise the growth and development of plants, thereby endangering human health through the food chain. Understanding how plants respond to Cd is important for breeding low-Cd rice cultivars. METHODS: In this study, the functions of 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid reductase 1 (OsOPR1) were predicted through bioinformatics analysis. The expression levels of OsOPR1 under Cd stress were analyzed by using qRT-PCR. Then, the role that OsOPR1 gene plays in Cd tolerance was studied in Cd-sensitive yeast strain (ycf1), and the Cd concentration of transgenic yeast was analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). RESULTS: Bioinformatics analysis revealed that OsOPR1 was a protein with an Old yellow enzyme-like FMN (OYE_like_FMN) domain, and the cis-acting elements which regulate hormone synthesis or responding abiotic stress were abundant in the promoter region, which suggested that OsOPR1 may exhibit multifaceted biological functions. The expression pattern analysis showed that the expression levels of OsOPR1 were induced by Cd stress both in roots and roots of rice plants. However, the induced expression of OsOPR1 by Cd was more significant in the roots compared to that in roots. In addition, the overexpression of OsOPR1 improved the Cd tolerance of yeast cells by affecting the expression of antioxidant enzyme related genes and reducing Cd content in yeast cells. CONCLUSION: Overall, these results suggested that OsOPR1 is a Cd-responsive gene and may has a potential for breeding low-Cd or Cd-tolerant rice cultivars and for phytoremediation of Cd-contaminated in farmland.

Expanding carbon neutrality strategies: Incorporating out-of-boundary emissions in city-level frameworks.

Cities are increasingly vital in global carbon mitigation efforts, yet few have specifically tailored carbon neutrality pathways. Furthermore, out-of-boundary indirect greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, aside from those related to electricity and heat imports, are often overlooked in existing pathways, despite their significance in comprehensive carbon mitigation strategies. Addressing this gap, here we introduce an integrated analysis framework focusing on both production and consumption-related GHG emissions. Applied to Wuyishan, a service-oriented city in Southern China, this framework provides a holistic view of a city's carbon neutrality pathway, from a full-scope GHG emission perspective. The findings reveal the equal importance of carbon reduction within and outside the city's boundaries, with out-of-boundary emissions accounting for 42% of Wuyishan's present total GHG emissions. This insight highlights the necessity of including these external factors in GHG accounting and mitigation strategy development. This framework serves as a practical tool for cities, particularly in developing countries, to craft effective carbon neutrality roadmaps that encompass the full spectrum of GHG emissions.

Optimizing spatial patterns of ecosystem services in the Chang-Ji-Tu region (China) through Bayesian Belief Network and multi-scenario land use simulation.

To foster an ecological civilization and ensure sustainable development of population resources, a critical focus of China's land spatial planning initiatives is the complex interplay among the prudent utilization of regional natural resources, stable socio-economic growth, and ecological environment preservation and governance. This interplay is vital for improving the population's quality of life, enhancing national resilience, and fostering the development of an ecological civilization. Within this context, this research focuses on the Chang-Ji-Tu region, employing a hybrid InVEST-Bayesian Belief Network-PLUS model. This approach facilitates a comprehensive assessment of habitat quality (HQ), carbon sequestration (CS), soil conservation (SC), crop production (CP), and total ecosystem services (TES) spanning 2005 to 2020, to optimize spatial structures based on these assessments. The findings indicate significant insights: (1) temporally, both HQ and CS exhibit an initial ascent followed by a subsequent decline, while SC demonstrates a rise, subsequent decrease, and then a gradual increase. CP shows a consistent increase, and TES initially decreases before experiencing a rise. Spatially, regions exhibiting high CP are primarily located in the northwest, in contrast to the southeast, demonstrating lower values. Conversely, HQ, CS, and SC exhibit lower values in the northwest and higher values in the southeast. TES exhibits considerable variability in the northwest and a more equilibrated distribution in the southeast. (2) A positive correlation is observed between land use/cover changes (LUCC) and HQ, CS, and SC, while a negative correlation is noted with CP and TES. (3) In exploring potential scenarios for economic development (ED), natural development (ND), and ecological protection (EP) in 2035, our study categorizes TES into distinct zones: ecological protection prohibited zones, ecological buffer prohibited zones, construction and development suitable zones, and restricted zones for arable land protection. This study, grounded in the current ecosystem status, thoroughly analyzes spatial structural optimization, offering crucial insights for future land spatial planning and ecological restoration.